Moringa oleifera and Musa sapientum ameliorated 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced upregulations of Ki67 and multidrug resistance 1 genes in rats.

OBJECTIVES: Moringa oleifera (MO) and Musa sapientum (MS) are plants of ethnomedicinal importance. We evaluated the effects of MOF6 (extracted from MO leaves) and MSF1 (extracted from MS suckers) on immunomodulations of Ki67 (proliferation biomarker) and multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) genes in the liver of rats in 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced hepatotoxicity and mutagenesis to determine their antiproliferation, anti-drug resistance, and anticancer potentials. METHODS: Forty-five adult male rats were randomly divided into nine groups (n = 5). Groups 1 and 2 received physiological saline and 15 mg/kg bodyweight of DMBA, respectively. Groups 3 and 4 received 15 mg/kg bodyweight DMBA and were treated with 15 and 30 mg/kg bodyweight of MOF6, respectively. Group 5 received 15 mg/kg bodyweight DMBA and was treated with 10 mg/kg bodyweight of MSF1. Group 6 received 15 mg/kg bodyweight DMBA and was treated with 3.35 mg/kg bodyweight of doxorubicin and intravenous injection of 0.5 ml/200 g of cisplatin. Groups 7-9 received only 15 and 30 mg/kg bodyweight of MOF6 and 10 mg/kg bodyweight of MSF1, respectively. DMBA, doxorubicin, and extracts doses were administered orally. The duration of our experimental procedure was 8 weeks. Consequently, liver histopathology (hematoxylin and eosin technique) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay homogenates' concentrations of Ki67 and MDR1 were evaluated. Computed data were statistically analyzed (P ≤ 0.05). RESULTS: Results showed normal histoarchitectures of the liver in all groups. Statistical analyses showed significant (P ≤ 0.05) and non-significant decreased concentrations (P ≥ 0.05) of Ki67 and MDR1 in Groups 3-9 compared with Group 2. Therefore, MOF6 and MSF1 ameliorated DMBA-induced hepatotoxicity, abnormal proliferation, and drug resistance. CONCLUSION: MOF6 and MSF1 possess antiproliferation, anti-drug resistance, and anticancer potentials.

Anticancer effects of Morinda lucida and Annona muricata on immunomodulations of Melatonin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and p53 concentrations in lead acetate-induced toxicity in rats.

OBJECTIVES: Lead poisoning accounts for about 0.6% of global burden of disease. Lead-induced toxicity is through confinement of oxidative stress in affected organs. We evaluated the effects of MLF1 (extracted from Morinda lucida leaves) and AMF1 (extracted from Annona muricata leaves) on lipid peroxidation and immunomodulations of Melatonin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and p53 proteins in lead acetate (LA)-induced toxicity in rats. METHODS: Sixty adult female rats were randomly divided into 12 groups (n = 5). Groups 1 and 2 received physiological saline and 100 mg/kg bodyweight of LA, respectively, for 5 weeks. Groups 3-6 received 100 mg/kg bodyweight LA for 2 weeks, followed by treatments with 7.5 and 15 mg/kg bodyweight of MLF1, and 7.5 and 10 mg/kg bodyweight of AMF1, respectively, for 3 weeks. Groups 7-10 received 7.5 and 15 mg/kg bodyweight of MLF1, 7.5 and 10 mg/kg bodyweight of AMF1, respectively, for 5 weeks. Groups 11-12 received co-administrations of 100 mg/kg bodyweight LA with 15 mg/kg bodyweight MLF1 and 10 mg/kg bodyweight of AMF1, respectively, for 5 weeks. Drugs and extracts were administered orally. Consequently, liver histopathology (Hematoxylin and Eosin), sera Melatonin, and TNF-α (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]) levels were evaluated. Malondialdehyde (MDA) (thiobarbituric acid assay) and p53 (ELISA) levels were evaluated in liver homogenates. Data were statistically analyzed (P ≤ 0.05). RESULTS: Results showed normal liver histology in all Groups. Statistical analyses showed significant (P ≤ 0.05) and non-significant decreased levels (P ≥ 0.05) of MDA, TNF-α and p53 in Groups 3-12, compared with Group 2. Furthermore, results showed significant (P ≤ 0.05) and non-significant increased Melatonin levels (P ≥ 0.05) in Groups 4-12 compared with Group 2. CONCLUSION: This study confirmed that MLF1 and AMF1 confer a degree of antioxidant, anticancer and hepato-protetive potentials against LA-induced toxicity in rats.

Neurotoxic effects of administration of artemisinin combination therapy (artemether and quinine) and ascorbic acid on the cytoarchitecture of the cerebellum and trapezoid nuclei in adult rats.

This study investigated the neurotoxic effects of the combined intramuscular administration of Artemether (0.5 mg/kg/b.w.), Quinine (5.14 mg/kg/b.w.) and Ascorbic acid (0.21 mg/kg/b.w) on the cerebellum, trapezoid nuclei and behavioural functions in male Wistar rats for a period of seven days. Statistical analyses showed no significant differences between the average weight of the brain and cerebellum of the experimental group compared with the control group. All experimental rats showed normal histology on completion of the experimental procedures in comparison with control rats. Histological assessment of the cerebellum and trapezoid nuclei in all groups showed normal cytoarchitecture. All rats displayed normal balance and co-ordination. This study observed that the combined therapy regime over a seven day period did not cause neurohistopathological effects on the cytoarchitecture of the cerebellum and trapezoid nuclei indicating that the current therapeutic doses of Artemether combined with Quinine used in the treatment of malaria are probably safe.

Radiation nephritis: anti-inflammatory effect of dexamethasone in adult Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) / Nefritis por radiación: efecto anti-inflamatorio de la dexametasona en ratas Wistar adultas (Rattus norvegicus)

The anti-inflammatory effect of dexamethasone on the irradiated kidneys of adult Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) was studied. Eighteen adult Wistar rats were, after acclimatization, randomly divided into 3 groups of 6 animals per group. The control group had normal saline, receiving neither drugs nor radiation. The second group received normal saline and radiation. The third group received pretreatment with dexamethasone at 1mg/kg body weight/day for 2 days followed by radiation. Radiation was delivered to the animals as a single fraction of 2.5 Gy of gamma rays from Cobalt-60 source, using an AECL Theatron 780-C Teletherapy machine. After exposure to the different interventions, the animals were sacrificed on the 14th post-irradiation day and the kidneys dissected out from each animal. The renal tissues were subjected to histological processing, and then studied using an eyepiece objective ruler calibrated with a 2mm stage micrometer for histomorphometric studies. The result of the study showed that all irradiated animals suffered weight loss by the 14th day post-irradiation (p<0.05) irrespective of the additional treatment with dexamethasone and this was statistically significant. Histomorphometry showed that the maximum width of the glomerular capsule was significantly greater in the radiation groups than in the control at p<0.05. The maximal glomerular diameter was significantly greater in irradiated animals compared with the control animals at p<0.05. The outcome of this study showed that the intraperitoneal administration of dexamethasone at 1mg/kg body weight/day for 2 days prior to treatment with irradiation did not prevent weight loss nor ameliorate the swelling of the nephrons resulting from the effect of radiation injury to the Wistar rat.

Fue estudiado el efecto anti-inflamatorio de la dexametasona en riñones irradiados de 18 ratas Wistar adultas (Rattus norvegicus). Luego de la aclimatización, aleatoriamente se dividieron en 3 grupos de 6 animales por grupo. El grupo control recibió una solución salina normal, sin recibir drogas ni radiación. El segundo grupo recibió solución salina normal y radiación. El tercer grupo recibió tratamiento previo con dexametasona con 1 mg / kg de peso corporal / día, durante 2 días, seguido de radiación. Los animales fueron expuestos a radiación con una fracción independiente de 2.5 Gy de rayos gamma por una fuente de Cobalto-60, usando una máquina de teleterapia AECL Theatron 780-C. Después de la exposición a las diferentes intervenciones, los animales fueron sacrificados el día 14 post-irradiación y los riñones de cada uno de los animales fueron disecados. Los tejidos renales fueron sometidos a procesamiento histológico, y luego se estudiaron utilizando un objetivo ocular milimetrado calibrado a 2mm para el estudio histomorfométrico. Se demostró que todos los animales irradiados sufrieron pérdida de peso 14 días después de ésta (p <0.05), independientemente de los tratamientos adicionales con dexametasona , siendo estadísticamente significativo. La histomorfometría mostró que el ancho máximo de la cápsula glomerular fue significativamente mayor en los grupos irradiados que en el control en p <0.05. El diámetro máximo del glomérulo fue significativamente mayor en los animales irradiados en comparación con los animales control p <0.05. Los resultados de este estudio mostraron que la administración intraperitoneal, de 1 mg / kg de peso corporal / día durante 2 días, de dexametasona antes de comenzar el tratamiento con irradiación, no impide la pérdida de peso ni permite aliviar el edema de los nefrones, injuria producto de la radiación a las Ratas Wistar.